This article will look at Cardano's current scalability and consider how much Input Endorsers can improve it. We will not cover Hydra or other options for scaling Cardano. The closest improvement to the scalability of the first layer will be Input Endorser
Each blockchain network has a budget from which it pays those who provide it with resources. When the team fails to align incentives with the needs of the network, there is some inefficiency or degradation of the quality of key features. There must be many
Cardano uses the UTxO model and only small scripts are validated on-chain. Ethereum uses an account-based model and all application logic is implemented in smart contracts. Let's explore how these different approaches affect scalability options.
The Lace wallet allows users to delegate ADA to multiple pools from a single account. The same functionality can be achieved by creating multiple accounts, which is currently a widespread method. In this article, we will explain how multi-delegation is tec
Spending UTxO can be conditional with script-defined logic. In such a case, the spender of UTxO must provide the script with such data that will enable the unlocking of UTxO. In this article, we will look at how to lock UTxO and how to unlock it by executi
Cardano uses an innovative Extended UTxO accounting model to support multi-assets and smart contracts. It is different from the account-based model that is used by banks or Ethereum. In this article, we will briefly explain the difference between account-b
The term ossification is often used in the context of Bitcoin to refer to the difficulty of changing or updating the protocol. Many believe this is the best way for Bitcoin adoption. The IOG team, along with the community, took the exact opposite direction
Batchers are a concept used by some decentralized exchanges (DEXes) on Cardano to collect orders and execute swaps. Come learn more about them. We'll also explain why Cardano needs batchers and Ethereum doesn't.
People's interest in crypto wanes in a bear market. This also applies to Cardano. However, some trends are positive. Come take a look at the statistics and think about the results. It might surprise you that meme coins can beat Cardano. What does this indi
Cardano supports composability for its applications, by the two-layer architecture but mainly by the modular approach to smart contracts. Come read more about it. In the article, you will also learn more about scalability and parallelism. In conclusion, we
In our previous article, we explained how to run a script or smart contract on Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Cardano. In this article, we will compare Cardano and Ethereum. We will focus mainly on fees. We will explain what the fees depend on and how they are aff
The first generation of blockchain is basically just a transactional network, similar to PayPal. Value can only be unconditionally transferred from Alice to Bob. Bitcoin is most commonly used for the simple transfer of value. However, there is a possibilit
Nodes in a distributed network do not have the same position in the network consensus. Nodes of block producers have a stronger position than ordinary full-nodes of users. In this article, we will talk about the role of full nodes in the context of the pro
Each Cardano node maintains its own version of the ledger. To be able to do this, a node needs connections with other nodes and the ability to decide whether to accept new blocks. Come and see how new blocks are appended at the end of the ledger and how th
I remember a time when Ethereum fees were exorbitant. People were not willing to pay high fees. It has been said that people will migrate to Cardano and other platforms because it will be cheaper and transactions will be faster. That partially happened. Ho
All ADA stakers who managed to register will be able to vote in Catalyst Fund10 from August 31, 2023. Each Governance phase in Catalyst is a test of readiness for decentralized governance and important feedback regarding people's interest in this form of d
The number of Cardano stakers has surpassed 1.3M. Their number increases by several hundred every day. Does this seem like a high or low number of delegators? Bitcoin is said to be the most decentralized network. So let's compare the number of ADA stakers
On July 29, 2020, there was a Shelley hard fork that started staking on Cardano. Staking on Cardano celebrated 3 birthdays. Let's see what this means for the project.
In the Cardano network, only the nodes that were randomly drawn in the given slots and whose registration certificates have been stored in the blockchain can create blocks. It must be verifiable that the newly proposed blocks were minted by the node that w
The decentralization of blockchain networks is based on two pillars: People running full nodes have control over the production of blocks. The team has control over the Cardano client source code. In the article, we will explore the first pillar. We'll exp
Staking is based on certificates that are stored in the blockchain. Pool operators (SPOs) must register their pool through certificates. Stakers must create certificates in order to delegate staking rights to chosen pools. Behind all of this are cryptograp
Were you wondering how it is possible to delegate ADA coins to the pool of your choice and be able to spend them at the same time? We will explain it to you.
Let's imagine a situation where someone has an infinite source of money and is willing to spend it on attacking blockchain networks. How much money would such an attack cost?
Regulators are concerned with how to properly regulate the blockchain industry. They strive to have at least partial control over how people use decentralized networks. Cardano has a native assets feature. A third party cannot prevent Cardano users from sp
The native assets feature is an innovative way to separate token issuers from token owners and leave core operations to the protocol. Handling native assets is cheaper and safer but at the cost of lower programmability. Let's compare the approaches to toke
For newcomers, we explain what Peer-to-Peer communication is and how the direct hand-to-hand transfer of a banknote differs from user interaction through the blockchain.
PayPal plans to launch its own PYUSD stablecoin on Ethereum. The question arises why there are no USD-backed stablecoins in the Cardano ecosystem and under what conditions is this acceptable to the community. Stablecoins issued by regulated institutions co
A Key-Evolving Signature scheme is a type of digital signature scheme that is used by Cardano to protect the immutability of the ledger. The private keys that are used for signing blocks are rotated in regular intervals. Old keys are deleted so they cannot
Cardano's PoS is based on the Nakamoto consensus. Thus, it is only possible to achieve the so-called probabilistic finality of blocks. Therefore, it sometimes happens that pools produce blocks that will be orphaned. We will talk about the circumstances und
People observe that the rewards from staking ADA are gradually decreasing. Anyone who understands Cardano's monetary policy is not surprised. Nevertheless, the rewards are smaller than what was expected about three years ago. Let's take a look at the reaso
Cardano is the first layer (L1) and as a blockchain network does not currently scale well. On the other hand, Hydra is the second layer (L2) that scales very well. But it's not that black and white. Although L2s solve the problem of low scalability of bloc
Mithril is live on the Cardano mainnet. Let's explain how Mithril works and what it is useful for.
XRP is not a security and most operations by Ripple are not considered sales of investment contracts. This suggests that ADA is almost certainly not a security either. IOG and the Cardano Foundation did not do anything illegal regarding the initial distrib
Anyone who is active on social media and trying to talk about Cardano has probably encountered the argument that he just "shills his bag". Freedom lies in the right to one's own opinion and choice. So, accusations of shilling can be seen as denyi
On average, about 4,000 people delegate 17K ADA to the regular Cardano pool. The average pledge, i.e. ADA coins owned by a pool operator, is roughly 400K. The numbers are only approximate as they come from a small sample of data. Come take a closer look at
All dominant blockchains are gradually gravitating towards centralization. Cardano's decentralization could be better. Let's identify the reasons for declining decentralization.
At the time of writing, there is still time to submit a proposal and register as a community reviewer. Everyone who wants to vote in Fund10 must register. This also applies to those who are already registered. Voting will take place in the first half of Se
When I look at the Cardano ecosystem and compare it to other platforms, I have to be happy with the development. Cardano is a young platform so it needs more time to establish itself. But one thing is worrying at first glance. The Cardano ecosystem lacks t
People are looking at cryptocurrencies from two angles: economic and technological. Let us think about whether people in developing countries need a new form of money or rather a financial infrastructure. At first glance, it may seem like one and the same,
Centralized exchanges like Coinbase and Binance have onboarded hundreds of millions of new people into cryptocurrencies. It is likely that without them, current adoption would be significantly lower. The problem is that these people leave assets on exchang
Cardano is a monolithic blockchain and upgrading Ouroboros Leios won't change that. Many blockchain project teams have implemented sharding in an effort to achieve higher scalability. Cardano could also, in theory, one day have sharding. However, this will
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has approved the first leveraged Bitcoin futures exchange-traded fund (ETF). As the biggest financial institutions have started to enter the world of cryptocurrencies, it's only a matter of time before we s
From the on-chain data, we can very accurately find out how many ADA stakers there are. Unfortunately, the number of stakers does not correspond to the real number of people who own ADA (through exchanges, so they do not hold their own keys). Not all ADA c
Staking is a decentralized financial service that is still relatively new. People are discovering the magic of compound interest and we dare say that within 10 years staking will be a form of savings. The coins of most blockchain networks are digitally sca
Cardano is having an Ethereum moment. That is the period when the first applications are deployed on the platform and people start using them. The number of users who bring liquidity with them is growing. Activity is also increasing and this is attracting
In the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), ADA is arguably a security. This opinion is stated in the SEC's lawsuit against Binance and Coinbase. The mainstream media has seized on this assumption and writes that the ADA is a security.
Sometimes you may hear the opinion that "Cardano only has a strong community" or that "Cardano has no technology, only community". Most people who say this have probably been asleep for the last 3 years, as it is becoming more and more
The Ethereum community is sounding the alarm. The amount of staked ETH on Lido is approaching the first of three critical thresholds at which Ethereum is more easily manipulated by an attacker. Protocols that offer Liquid staking derivatives (LSD) are a st
Cardano will be successful if people use it. For that to happen, they need to know it exists and that they have the option. Brand awareness and the emotions associated with it are an important part of adoption. The cryptocurrency industry is big. There are
ADA coins have a certain market value which is determined by market supply and demand. Where does this value come from? A significant part of the ADA value is determined by the utility of the Cardano protocol. ADA value is a reflection of decentralization,